James Arthur Lovell Jr. is a retired American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and mechanical engineer. He was born on March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio. He became one of the first three astronauts to orbit the moon during the Apollo 8 mission and commanded the Apollo 13 lunar mission, which returned safely to Earth after a critical failure. He is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Lovell co-authored the book Lost Moon, which was the basis for the film Apollo 13.
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